Element distinctness 同时校准了方法强度:正权 adversary 的 certificate barrier 只能到平方根,而 polynomial 或 tight general adversary 达到 ;上界的 Johnson walk 与下界证据在同一 oracle/promise 下才构成 tight result。
参考资料
Andris Ambainis, “Quantum Walk Algorithm for Element Distinctness,” SIAM Journal on Computing 37(1), 2007, pp. 210–239.
Scott Aaronson and Yaoyun Shi, “Quantum Lower Bounds for the Collision and the Element Distinctness Problems,” Journal of the ACM 51(4), 2004, pp. 595–605.
Frédéric Magniez, Ashwin Nayak, Jérémie Roland, and Miklos Santha, “Search via Quantum Walk,” SIAM Journal on Computing 40(1), 2011, pp. 142–164.