设 是 上的有符号测度公理库有符号测度Signed measure · 符号测度允许正负质量但仍保持可数可加性的集合函数,其正负部分不能产生未定义的无穷抵消。,其Jordan 分解公理库有符号测度的 Jordan 分解Jordan decomposition of a signed measure · Jordan decomposition theorem把有符号测度唯一表示成互相奇异的正测度之差,并刻画这一表示的最小性。为 。 的总变差测度定义为
Gerald B. Folland, Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, 2nd ed., Wiley, 1999, §§3.1 and 7.2, total variation and measure representation.
Walter Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., McGraw–Hill, 1987, Ch. 6, total variation of complex measures.
David A. Levin, Yuval Peres, and Elizabeth L. Wilmer, Markov Chains and Mixing Times, 2nd ed., American Mathematical Society, 2017, §4.1, the probability-distance convention.