单位根过程公理库单位根过程Unit-root process · Unit root process · Difference-stationary process自回归多项式含单位圆根、冲击对水平具有永久影响而经适当差分可平稳的过程。给 的概率机制,ADF 检验公理库增广 Dickey–Fuller 检验Augmented Dickey–Fuller test · ADF test在差分回归中加入滞后差分项并以非标准临界值检验自回归单位根的统计方法。可针对特定自回归单位根零假设提供证据,但不能自动决定所有差分与季节项。结构突变、确定性趋势和方差变化都可能伪装成积分。完成建模后应检查差分序列和最终残差、根位置、滚动预测,并把任何数据驱动的差分选择计入不确定性说明。
参考资料
George E. P. Box, Gwilym M. Jenkins, Gregory C. Reinsel, and Greta M. Ljung, Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, 5th ed., Wiley, 2015,Chs. 4–7,differencing, ARIMA forecasting, identification, and estimation。
Robert H. Shumway and David S. Stoffer, Time Series Analysis and Its Applications, 4th ed., Springer, 2017,§§3.4–3.7,forecasting, estimation, integrated models, and ARIMA model building。
Peter J. Brockwell and Richard A. Davis, Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting, 3rd ed., Springer, 2016,§§6.1–6.5,integrated, unit-root, forecasting, and seasonal ARIMA models。