Charles G. Broyden, “The Convergence of a Class of Double-rank Minimization Algorithms,” Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications 6, 1970, 76–90;Roger Fletcher, “A New Approach to Variable Metric Algorithms,” Computer Journal 13(3), 1970, 317–322。
Donald Goldfarb, “A Family of Variable-Metric Methods Derived by Variational Means,” Mathematics of Computation 24(109), 1970, 23–26;David F. Shanno, “Conditioning of Quasi-Newton Methods for Function Minimization,” Mathematics of Computation 24(111), 1970, 647–656。
Jorge Nocedal and Stephen J. Wright, Numerical Optimization, 2nd ed., Springer, 2006,§§6.1–6.2 and 7.2,BFGS, positive definiteness, and L-BFGS。